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1 | mobile-kidney-web-2.0.0.zip\mobile-kidney-web\acceptance_test\watir\datasheet | Lab_Text_Content.xls | Wed Apr 4 20:16:46 2018 UTC |
2 | mobile-kidney-web-2.0.0.zip\mobile-kidney-web\acceptance_test\watir\datasheet | Lab_Text_Content.xls | Tue May 22 20:50:40 2018 UTC |
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1 | SHEET: und erstandKid neyLabTest | |
2 | ||
3 | Section, N avigatitio n, Section Image, Im age Alt Te xt, Sectio n Header, Content Se gment 1, S egment 2, Segment 3, Segment 4 , Segment 5 | |
4 | 1, learnMo re>lab>1, understand -1.jpg, te st tubes, Lab Tests Detect Kid ney Diseas e, Kidney disease ca n be silen t until a LOT of dam age has be en done. Y ou can fee l well but may still have a pr oblem. How does your doctor kn ow? Kidney s that don ’t work we ll don’t r emove as m any wastes from your blood. Th ese wastes —and other substance s, like mi nerals and protein—c an be meas ured in yo ur blood o r urine. T hese test results ca n tell you r doctor i f you have a problem . | |
5 | 2, learnMo re>lab>1, balanced.j pg, two eq ual weight ed balls b alanced on a bar, Ma intaining Balance, T he main jo b of healt hy kidneys is to kee p water an d key mine rals in yo ur body in balance. They do th is by send ing wastes from your blood int o your uri ne., Your health car e team kno ws what th is balance in your b lood shoul d look lik e. They ca n see it i n your blo od and uri ne tests. | |
6 | 3, learnMo re>lab>1, urine-bloo d-samples. jpg, test tube of bl ood and ur ine sample in cup, T est Result s Show Pro blems and Progress, Each blood or urine test has a “normal r ange.” If your level s are outs ide of the normal ra nge, it me ans that y ou may hav e a health problem. Looking at which lev els are ou tside of n ormal give s your car e team clu es about w hat to loo k for. You might wan t to check out the N ational Ki dney Disea se Educati on Program Kidney Te st Results fact shee t*., *Link s will tak e you outs ide of the Departmen t of Veter ans Affair s website. VA does n ot endorse and is no t responsi ble for th e content of the lin ked websit es. | |
7 | 4, learnMo re>lab>1, understand -4.jpg, te st result chart show ing lab re sults for sodium, po tassium, c hloride, c arbon diox ide, BUN, creatinine , eGFR, gl ucose, cal cium, prot ein, album in, and ph osphate, R eading You r Test Res ults, Your blood tes t results tell you w hat’s goin g on insid e your bod y. They ca n be a vit al health clue that something is wrong, even if yo u feel wel l., Your b lood test results ma y look lik e this VA lab report (click on the image to enlarg e)., Looki ng at the whole page may be co nfusing. Y ou might b e tempted to just sk ip it—but please don ’t. Your b lood test results ar e a tool t hat can he lp you tra ck your he alth. Lear ning how t o read and track the m can help you feel more in co ntrol. | |
8 | 5, learnMo re>lab>1, understand -5.jpg, te st result chart show ing lab re sults. Sod ium is 141 millimole s per lite r with a r eference r ange of 13 5 to 145 m illimoles per liter. Potassium is 4.1 mi llimoles p er liter w ith a refe rence rang e of 3.5 t o 5 millim oles per l iter. Chlo ride is 10 2 millimol es per lit er with a reference range of 1 00 to 110 millimoles per liter . Carbon d ioxide is 27 millimo les per li ter with a reference range of 20 to 30 m illimoles per liter. BUN is 16 milligram s per deci liter with a referen ce range o f 7 to 25 milligrams per decil iter. Crea tinine is 1 milligra m per deci liter with a referen ce range o f .5 to 1. 5 milligra ms per dec iliter. eG FR is 80 m illimeters per minut e. Glucose is 105 mi lligrams p er decilit er with a reference range of l ess than 1 99., What to Look fo r in Lab R esults, Tr y to look at just a few test r esults at a time. Yo u can do t his on you r lab prin tout by co vering up most of th e page wit h a sheet of paper s o you can focus on w hat you’re looking f or., You s hould see the name o f the test , then the dates of your most recent tes ts with th e results. A column labeled “U nits” tell s you how the test r esults are reported. Then, you ’ll see a column lab eled “Refe rence Rang es.” This tells you what the n ormal, hea lthy level is for ea ch test. N ow, you ca n look at your resul ts to see if they ar e in the n ormal rang e. | |
9 | 6, learnMo re>lab>1, understand -6.jpg, ou t-of-range lab test chart. Sod ium is low at 124 mi llimoles p er liter w ith a refe rence rang e of 135 t o 145 mill imoles per liter. Ch loride is low at 88 millimoles per liter with a re ference ra nge of 100 to 110 mi llimoles p er liter. Glucose is high at 2 50 milligr ams per de ciliter wi th a refer ence range of less t han 199 mi lligrams p er decilit er. Calciu m is low a t 7.5 mill igrams per deciliter with a re ference ra nge of 8.5 to 10.5 m illigrams per decili ter. Prote in is low at 5 grams per decil iter with a referenc e range of 6 to 8.5 grams per deciliter. Albumin i s low at 1 .9 grams p er decilit er with a reference range of 3 .2 to 5 gr ams per de ciliter. P hosphate i s low at 1 .2 milligr ams per de ciliter wi th a refer ence range of 2.5 to 5 milligr ams per de ciliter., Out-of-Ran ge Results , On most lab test r eports, an y result t hat is out side of th e normal r ange is ma rked with an asteris k, a comme nt, or a l etter code to get at tention., In this ex ample, MOS T of the r esults are out of th e normal r ange, so m ost have a letter co de next to the test result. We ’ve highli ghted the “out-of-ra nge” resul ts in yell ow so you can find t hem., L me ans the re sult is lo wer than t he normal range., H means the result is higher tha n the norm al range., Look at g lucose whi ch may be elevated i n your blo od if you have diabe tes, for e xample. Th e result i s 250 and it is labe led H—high er than th e normal r ange. Clic k on the p icture to enlarge th e report s o you can see it bet ter. | |
10 | 7, learnMo re>lab>1, understand -7.jpg, la b result t racking ch art for gl ucose fast ing. Resul ts are: Ja nuary 126, February 119, March 108, Apri l 116, May 104, June 104, July 101, Augu st 98, Sep tember 102 , October 99, Novemb er 97, and December 92,, Track ing Your L ab Results , Ask your care team for a cop y of your lab result s. You can use your results to get a bet ter handle on how yo u are doin g over tim e. There a re two way s to do th is. First, you can j ust keep a simple ta ble with t he results , as often as you ge t them. Or , you can GRAPH your lab tests so you ca n see the ups and do wns. Here, we show r esults by month for a year. Yo u can even color-cod e your res ults—red f or out-of- range and green for values tha t are in t he normal range., Th e trends a re just as important as the nu mbers you get. Are y our number s staying the same? Going up? Going down ? Looking at the tre nds will h elp you se e whether your actio ns to help slow your CKD are p aying off. | |
11 | 8, learnMo re>lab>1, understand -8.jpg | |
12 | U.S. Air F orce photo by Osakab e Yasuo, l ab technic ian checki ng patient , Using Yo ur Lab Tes t Results, Your kidn ey lab tes ts are a w indow into what’s ha ppening in side your body. Use them to he lp track y our progre ss and see if what y ou eat and drink and your medi cations ar e helping to slow th e rate of your kidne y disease. | |
13 | ||
14 | SHEET: cre atinineAnd eGFR | |
15 | ||
16 | Section, N avigatitio n, Section Image, Im age Alt Te xt, Sectio n Header, Content Se gment 1, S egment 2, Segment 3, Segment 4 | |
17 | 1, learnMo re>lab>2, creatinine -1.jpg, ru ler, Measu ring Kidne y Function , Kidneys that don’t work well don’t rem ove as man y wastes f rom your b lood. Thes e wastes c an be meas ured in yo ur blood. The result s can tell your care team if y ou have a problem ev en before you have a ny symptom s. Your do ctor will check the creatinine level in your blood as one wa y to see h ow well yo ur kidneys are worki ng. Your c reatinine can then b e used to find out y our eGFR ( estimated glomerular filtratio n rate)—or your perc ent (%) ki dney funct ion. | |
18 | 2, learnMo re>lab>2, creatinine -2.jpg | |
19 | U.S. Air F orce photo by Bill E vans, gymn ast, Muscl es Make Cr eatinine, Creatinine is a wast e product that is ma de each ti me you mov e your mus cles. Your body will make a co nstant amo unt of cre atinine. P eople who have large r muscles tend to ma ke more cr eatinine t han people who have smaller mu scles. | |
20 | 3, learnMo re>lab>2, kidneys-di agram.jpg, diagram o f kidneys, Removing Creatinine from Your Blood, He althy kidn eys remove creatinin e from the blood at the same r ate that y our body m akes it. S o, if a bl ood test f or creatin ine shows higher tha n normal l evels, it could mean that you have a kid ney proble m—even if you feel f ine. Your creatinine level is used to es timate you r estimate d glomerul ar filtrat ion rate ( eGFR). You r eGFR is about the same as yo ur percent kidney fu nction. So , if your eGFR is 53 , you have kidney fu nction tha t is about 53%. The good news is, there is a lot y ou can do to slow a kidney pro blem. To l earn how t o take act ion, read about How to Protect Your Kidn eys. | |
21 | 4, learnMo re>lab>2, gfr-scale. jpg, stage s of chron ic kidney disease. S tage 1 has a GFR of 90 or grea ter. Stage 2 has a G FR range o f 60 to 90 , Stage 3 has a GFR range of 3 0 to 59. S tage 4 has a GFR ran ge of 15 t o 29 and S tage 5 has a GFR of 15 or less , Stages o f Chronic Kidney Dis ease, Your estimated glomerula r filtrati on rate (e GFR) is a measure of how well your kidne ys are wor king. Your eGFR is a bout the s ame as you r percent kidney fun ction. So, if your e GFR is 53, you have kidney fun ction that is about 53%. It is estimated based on your creat inine leve l, age, ra ce, and wh ether you are a man or a woman ., Chronic kidney di sease, or CKD, has f ive stages that are based on e GFR. Healt hy people have an eG FR of 90 o r higher. Most peopl e don’t fi nd out tha t they hav e CKD unti l they rea ch stage 3 or 4—or e ven 5. Kid ney failur e means th at the eGF R is 15 or less. You can live with kidne y failure, with dial ysis or a transplant . This is also calle d “end-sta ge renal d isease,” o r ESRD. To learn abo ut treatme nt options for kidne y failure, visit the Treatment Room. | |
22 | 5, learnMo re>lab>2, calculator .jpg, calc ulator, Ca lculate Yo ur eGFR, I f you know your crea tinine lev el, visit the eKidne y Clinic s ite and yo u can use the eGFR C alculator to get you r estimate d eGFR. | |
23 | 6, learnMo re>lab>2, creatinine -6.jpg, Ch ronic kidn ey disease stages by eGFR valu e. Stage 1 has a GFR of 90 or greater. S tage 2 has a GFR ran ge of 60 t o 90, Stag e 3 has a GFR range of 30 to 5 9. Stage 4 has a GFR range of 15 to 29 a nd Stage 5 has a GFR of 15 or less, What Does eGFR Mean?, CK D Stages 1 –2: Kidney function is normal or near no rmal. (Uri ne tests a re also ne eded to be sure this result is right.) I f you beli eve you ha ve symptom s of kidne y disease, talk to y our care t eam. Commo n symptoms of kidney disease i nclude swe lling in t he hands, feet, or f ace; feeli ng very ti red; itchi ng all ove r; feeling cold all the time; having a m etallic ta ste in you r mouth; a nd changes to how yo ur urine l ooks. Many health pr oblems can cause the same sort s of sympt oms. Do yo u have a f amily hist ory of kid ney diseas e or risk factors li ke high bl ood pressu re or diab etes? If s o, take st eps to pro tect your kidneys—li ke getting screened once a yea r with blo od and uri ne tests., CKD Stage 3: This m eans moder ate kidney damage th at may be slowed or stopped wi th treatme nt and lif estyle cha nges. At s tage 3 CKD , you have a good ch ance of ne ver reachi ng kidney failure if you TAKE ACTION. To learn mor e about wh at YOU can do, read How to Pro tect Your Kidneys. Y ou may hav e some sym ptoms of k idney dise ase at thi s stage. I f you do, talk to yo ur care te am., CKD S tage 4: Th is means s evere kidn ey damage that may b e slowed w ith treatm ent and li festyle ch anges. The re is stil l time to protect th e kidney f unction yo u have lef t. You may have some symptoms of kidney disease. I f you do, talk to yo ur care te am. To lea rn more, v isit the S ymptoms of Kidney Di sease topi c. If you have not p icked a tr eatment, i t’s wise t o pick one as soon a s you can. To learn about your treatment options, visit the Treatment Room., CKD Stage 5: This is “e nd-stage r enal disea se” (ESRD) and means treatment will soon be needed for kidne y failure. Some symp toms of ki dney disea se may be present. I f so, talk to your c are team. | |
24 | 7, learnMo re>lab>2, creatinine -7.jpg, Pr otein in u rine chart . Having p rotein in urine over 2000 is v ery high n o matter w hat your G FR is. Hav ing a prot ein level of 300 to 2000 is co nsidered v ery high, but more s o if your GFR is les s than 59. Having pr otein leve ls of 30 t o 299 is h igh but go es to very high if y our GFR is less than 59. Prote in levels at 10 to 2 9 is norma l if your GFR is mor e than 60, high if y our GFR is 45 to 59 and very h igh if you r GFR is l ess than 4 4. Protein levels le ss than 10 is normal for GFR m ore than 6 0. It is h igh when t he GFR is 45 to 59 a nd very hi gh for GFR less than 44., Low eGFR + Pro tein in Yo ur Urine = Trouble, One way to find kidn ey disease is throug h an eGFR test. But, there is another wa y. If you have prote in in your urine, th is can be a sign of kidney dam age. To le arn more a bout prote in in the urine, vis it the Mea suring Alb umin Topic . Protein is a build ing block for muscle s. But it’ s also a l arge molec ule that d oes not fi t through healthy ki dney filte rs. So, if there is an abnorma l amount o f protein (called al bumin) in your urine , you may have a kid ney proble m., This c hart shows how eGFR and protei n in the u rine add u p to kidne y trouble. (Click on the chart to make i t larger.) If you ha ve either of these p roblems, y our care t eam can he lp you. Ea rly treatm ent can sl ow kidney problems d own so you can feel your best. | |
25 | 8, learnMo re>lab>2, creatinine -8.jpg, he althy vege table choi ces, What You Can Do About eGF R, There i s a LOT yo u can do t o help slo w the rate of your k idney dise ase. Healt hy food ch oices, exe rcise, kee ping your blood suga r and bloo d pressure in contro l, and qui tting smok ing are so me ways th at can hel p. Learnin g to manag e chronic kidney dis ease can b e a little like a pa rt-time jo b. To lear n more, vi sit the Ho w to Prote ct Your Ki dneys topi c. | |
26 | ||
27 | SHEET: cal ciumAndPho sphorusLev els | |
28 | ||
29 | Section, N avigatitio n, Section Image, Im age Alt Te xt, Sectio n Header, Content Se gment 1, S egment 2, Segment 3, Segment 4 | |
30 | 1, learnMo re>lab>3, calcium-ph osphorus-1 .jpg, girl walking o n wooden b alance bea m, Balanci ng Mineral s in the B lood, Chan ces are yo u haven’t given a lo t of thoug ht to the levels of calcium or phosphoru s in your blood. Whe n your kid neys work well, you really don ’t need to think abo ut them. Y our kidney s take car e of keepi ng your bl ood levels where the y should b e. But if your kidne ys don’t w ork as wel l as they should, yo ur blood l evels of t hese key m inerals co uld change , and that can cause problems for you. | |
31 | 2, learnMo re>lab>3, skeleton.j pg, skelet on, Kidney s Help Bui ld Strong Bones, You r kidneys work with your bones and your gut to kee p the righ t amount o f calcium and phosph orus in yo ur blood a ll the tim e. Healthy kidneys h elp your b ones in tw o ways:, T hey conver t Vitamin D from you r skin or from Vitam in D suppl ements you take into its activ e form. Yo ur gut nee ds active Vitamin D to absorb calcium fr om what yo u eat and drink. Wit hout activ e Vitamin D, it does n’t matter how much calcium yo u get., Ki dneys cont rol levels of the mi nerals cal cium and p hosphorus in your bl ood, too. | |
32 | 3, learnMo re>lab>3, calcium-ph osphorus-3 .jpg, dair y foods: m ilk, chees e, ice cre am, Source s of Calci um, You ta ke in calc ium mainly through d airy foods and leafy green veg etables. C alcium and phosphoru s make up most of yo ur bones a nd teeth. Having the right lev el of calc ium in you r blood he lps contro l your blo od pressur e. Calcium also help s blood to clot. | |
33 | 4, learnMo re>lab>3, lightbulb. jpg, fluor escent lig htbulb, Ca lcium is a n Electrol yte, In yo ur blood, tiny but p recise amo unts of di ssolved ca lcium help your cell s talk to each other . Calcium is an elec trolyte wh ich is a s ubstance t hat carrie s an elect rical char ge when it is dissol ved in a f luid like water or b lood. It h elps carry electrica l signals between yo ur muscles and nerve s. Having the right amount of calcium in your bloo d is key t o good hea lth. | |
34 | 5, learnMo re>lab>3, calcium-ph osphorus-5 .jpg | |
35 | U.S. Navy photo by S cott A. Th ornbloom, members of the Navy in a sailb oat, What YOU Can Do About You r Calcium, To absorb calcium f rom foods you eat, y ou need ac tive vitam in D which is a horm one that h ealthy kid neys make. It tells your gut t o absorb c alcium. Yo ur kidneys help conv ert vitami n D into i ts active form. When your kidn eys don’t work well, your doct or may pre scribe act ive vitami n D for yo u to make up for wha t you are missing. T o learn mo re about a ctive vita min D, vis it the Bon e Disease Topic. | |
36 | 6, learnMo re>lab>3, phosphorus -foods.jpg , food wit h phosphor us: cheese , milk, nu ts, cola, chocolate, steak, be er, Where Do You Get Phosphoru s?, Phosph orus is a mineral. L ike calciu m, it is v ery common in the ea rth—and in your own cells. Pho sphorus is stored in your bone s and teet h, and is part of ea ch cell me mbrane. In your bloo d, phospho rus plays a vital ro le in your use of en ergy. And, it is an electrolyt e, which h elps carry nerve sig nals. It i s found in most food s. | |
37 | 7, learnMo re>lab>3, calcium-ph osphorus-7 .jpg, phos phorus lev els pie ch art: high phosphorus is more t han 5.5 mi lligrams p er decilit er, normal is 3.5 to 5.5 milli grams per deciliter, and low i s less tha n 3.5 mill igrams per deciliter , What Doe s Your Ser um Phospho rus Level Mean?, Do you know y our serum phosphorus level? If you do, v isit the e Kidney Cli nic site a nd plug it into our Phosphorus Calculato r to see h ow you’re doing with your phos phorus., T oo high! I f your pho sphorus le vel is abo ve 5.5 mg/ dL, you mi ght have s evere itch ing. Or, y ou might n ot feel an y differen t. But, in the long run, phosp horus leve ls that ar e too high can lead to bone an d other he alth probl ems if you r calcium level is h igh, too. If you are taking ac tive vitam in D, your doctor ma y lower yo ur dose., Just right . Good for you if yo ur phospho rus level is in the target ran ge. This i s right wh ere your c are team l ikes to se e it. Keep up the go od work., Too low! I f your pho sphorus le vel is bel ow 3.5 mg/ dL, talk t o your car e team to see if thi s needs tr eatment. | |
38 | 8, learnMo re>lab>3, phosphorus -magnet.gi f, magnet attracting circles l abeled pho sphorus, W hat Can Yo u Do About Your Phos phorus?, K eeping you r phosphor us in the normal ran ge may mea n changing what you eat and dr ink. When your kidne ys don’t w ork well, your docto r will hav e you talk with a di etitian. T he dietiti an can hel p you lear n what cha nges to ma ke to feel your best . To learn more abou t how to e at right, visit the Nutrition Room. You may also n eed to tak e phosphat e binders with meals and snack s to keep some of th e excess p hosphate f rom gettin g into you r blood. P hosphate b inders are medicines that bind with phos phates in your gut. Like a mag net, they pull the p hosphate o ut of what you eat b efore your body can absorb it. The phosp hate is re moved in y our stool. Visit the Pharmacy to learn m ore about binders an d other me dicines. | |
39 | 9, learnMo re>lab>3, calcified- artery.jpg , knee joi nt x-ray s howing cal cified art ery, Calci um + Phosp horus Can Harden Blo od Vessels , When you r kidneys don’t work , having t oo much ca lcium and phosphorus in your b lood is a problem. T he two min erals can join and f orm deposi ts in your skin, cau sing painf ul itching . Or, depo sits can f orm in you r blood ve ssels wher e they may cut off b lood flow to a limb. Your doct or may pre scribe pho sphate bin ders for y ou so your blood lev els don’t go too hig h. | |
40 | 10, learnM ore>lab>3, calcium-p hosphorus- 10.jpg, ca lcium phos phorus pro duct level s chart sh owing less that 55 a s just rig ht and mor e than 55 as too hig h, Calcium Phosphoru s Product, Do you kn ow your se rum calciu m and your serum pho sphorus? I f you do, visit the eKidney Cl inic site and plug t hem into o ur Calcium Phosphoru s Calculat or to see what your calcium ph osphorus p roduct (Ca x P) is., More than 55: Havin g a calciu m phosphor us product that is h igher than 55 puts y ou at high er risk fo r blood ve ssel calci fication. Bone is vi tal to hav e—in your skeleton. But when b one forms in your bl ood vessel s, it can cut off th e blood su pply to yo ur limbs. Keeping yo ur calcium and phosp horus in t he target range your care team sets is o ne way to prevent th is problem ., Less th an 55: Goo d for you! Your calc ium phosph orus produ ct is in t he range t hat can he lp prevent blood ves sel calcif ication. B one is vit al to have —in your s keleton. B ut when bo ne forms i n your blo od vessels , it can c ut off the blood sup ply to you r limbs. Y ou could g et gangren e or even lose a lim b. This is rare, but it can ha ppen. Keep ing your c alcium and phosphoru s in the t arget rang e your car e team set s is one w ay to prev ent this p roblem. | |
41 | ||
42 | SHEET: you rPotassium Level | |
43 | ||
44 | Section, N avigatitio n, Section Image, Im age Alt Te xt, Sectio n Header, Content Se gment 1, S egment 2, Segment 3, Segment 4 , Segment 5, Segment 6, Segmen t 7, Segme nt 8, Segm ent 9, Seg ment 10, S egment 11, Segment 1 2 | |
45 | 1, learnMo re>lab>3, potassium- 1.jpg, bun ch of bana nas, Measu ring Potas sium, Your body need s potassiu m! But, it ’s vital t o have the right amo unt of pot assium in your blood . Too much —OR too li ttle—can h arm you. Y ou get pot assium fro m foods, a nd healthy kidneys h elp keep y our levels in balanc e. Blood t ests can t ell you if your leve ls are in the normal range. | |
46 | 2, learnMo re>lab>3, lightbulb2 .jpg, fluo rescent li ghtbulb, P otassium i s an Elect rolyte, In your bloo d, tiny bu t precise amounts of dissolved potassium help your cells tal k to each other. Pot assium is an electro lyte which is a subs tance that carries a n electric al charge when it is dissolved in a flui d like wat er or bloo d. It help s carry el ectrical s ignals bet ween your nerves and muscles—l ike your h eart. Havi ng the rig ht amount of potassi um in your blood is key to goo d health. | |
47 | 3, learnMo re>lab>3, potassium- 3.jpg, fle xed bicep, What Does Potassium Do for Yo u?, You ne ed potassi um so your muscles ( including your heart ), kidneys , gut, and nerves wi ll work we ll. When y our kidney s don’t wo rk as well as they s hould, pot assium can build up to harmful levels in your bloo d. Having too much o r too litt le potassi um can sto p your hea rt. | |
48 | 4, learnMo re>lab>3, potassium- 4.jpg, Pot assium lev els pie ch art. High is more th an 5.1 mil ligrams pe r decilite r. Normal potassium level is 3 .5 to 5.1 milligrams per decil iter, and low is les s than 3.5 milligram s per deci liter., Wh at Does Yo ur Potassi um Level M ean?, Do y ou know yo ur serum p otassium l evel? If y ou do, vis it the eKi dney Clini c site and plug it i nto our Po tassium Ca lculator t o see how you’re doi ng with yo ur potassi um., Too h igh! If yo ur potassi um level i s above 5. 1 mg/dL, t here could be many r easons. In stage 3 C KD, the ki dneys beco me less ab le remove potassium. Some type s of blood pressure pills such as ACE-in hibitors, ARBs (angi otensin re ceptor blo ckers), an d some diu retics (wa ter pills) may also raise pota ssium leve ls. If you r kidneys fail, it i s all too easy to ge t too much potassium from food . If your level goes up slowly , you may not feel a ny differe nt. If it goes up qu ickly, you may feel weak or ti red. Be ca reful! Alt hough pota ssium help s your hea rt beat in a normal rhythm, VE RY high le vels of po tassium ca n stop you r heart. T alk to you r doctor i f your lev els are hi gh., Just right. Goo d for you if your po tassium le vel is in the target range. Th is is righ t where yo ur care te am likes t o see it. Keep up th e good wor k., Too lo w! Low pot assium lev els (under 3.5 mg/dL ) can occu r if you t hrow up a lot, have diarrhea, or take di uretics (“ water pill s”) to hel p lower yo ur blood p ressure by making yo u lose sal t and wate r in your urine. If this happe ns, you ma y feel wea k, tired, or have ex tra heartb eats. To l earn more about diur etics and other medi cations vi sit the Ph armacy. | |
49 | 5, learnMo re>lab>3, potassium- foods.gif, warning f or foods w ith high p hosphorus like beans , tomatoes , bananas, avocados, dried fru it, potato es, Limiti ng High Po tassium Fo ods, You t ake in pot assium thr ough foods you eat—e specially fruits and juices. I f you take a diureti c, your do ctor may c hange your dose or c heck your blood pota ssium ofte n. Keeping your pota ssium in t he normal range may mean limit ing high p otassium f oods and d rinks, lik e:, Dried fruits, li ke raisins , apricots , or prune s, Tropica l fruits, like mango and papay a, Avocado s, Beans, Tomatoes, Potatoes, Milk, Coff ee, Salt s ubstitutes , This web site* has informatio n on potas sium in fo od other t ips that m ight be he lpful to u se. Visit the Nutrit ion Room t o learn mo re about p otassium., *Links wi ll take yo u outside of the Dep artment of Veterans Affairs we bsite. VA does not e ndorse and is not re sponsible for the co ntent of t he linked websites. | |
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51 | SHEET: nee dToKnowAbo utHemoglob in | |
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53 | Section, N avigatitio n, Section Image, Im age Alt Te xt, Sectio n Header, Content Se gment 1, S egment 2, Segment 3 | |
54 | 1, learnMo re>lab>5, hemoglobin -1.jpg, te st tubes o f blood sa mples in t he lab, Co mplete Blo od Count ( CBC), When your doct or orders a complete blood cou nt (CBC), the lab au tomaticall y runs sev eral diffe rent tests . Hemoglob in is one of the tes ts that is done as a part of a complete blood coun t. | |
55 | 2, learnMo re>lab>5, red-blood- cells.jpg, red blood cells, Wh y Are Bloo d Cells Re d?, Hemogl obin is th e protein that makes red blood cells red . It holds oxygen in your red blood cell s, and let s them bri ng oxygen to the res t of your body. Heal thy kidney s make a h ormone (er ythropoiet in, or EPO ) that tel ls your bo ne marrow to make mo re red blo od cells. When the k idneys don ’t work we ll, they m ake less E PO so you may have a shortage of oxygen- carrying r ed blood c ells, call ed anemia. Other hea lth proble ms can als o lead to anemia. Th ese proble ms might i nclude not having en ough iron, which is a building block you r body nee ds to make red blood cells. Yo u may be l osing bloo d from you r colon, o r if you a re a woman , due to h eavy perio ds. Bone m arrow prob lems may m ean that t he EPO sig nal is not “heard.” Your docto r can trea t these pr oblems. Th e level of hemoglobi n in your blood can be tested to see if you have a nemia. If so, your d octor will sort out the reason so you ca n get the right trea tment. To learn more about ane mia, read the Sympto ms of Kidn ey Disease topic. | |
56 | 3, learnMo re>lab>5, hemoglobin -3.jpg | |
57 | Photo cred it to US A rmy, Army dune buggy , What Doe s Hemoglob in Do for You?, Sinc e it bring s oxygen t o each cel l in your body, hemo globin rev s your eng ine and gi ves you en ergy. When you don’t have enou gh hemoglo bin, you c an feel ve ry tired. You can be treated f or anemia that is du e to kidne y disease. | |
58 | 4, learnMo re>lab>5, hemoglobin -4.jpg, ma n stretchi ng against split-rai l fence, W hat Does Y our Hemogl obin Level Mean?, Do you know your hemog lobin leve l? If you have chron ic kidney disease (C KD), your target ran ge for hem oglobin ma y be diffe rent than the range for health y people. Talk to yo ur care te am about y our new ta rget. And, then work together to stay in the range ., If your hemoglobi n is too h igh, you m ay be at r isk for he alth probl ems. Some studies ha ve shown a higher ri sk of hear t attacks and stroke s in peopl e with CKD whose hem oglobin le vels were too high. If you are taking er ythropoiet in (EPO) w hich is a manmade fo rm of the hormone th at tells y our bone m arrow to m ake more r ed blood c ells, your doctor ma y lower yo ur dose., If your he moglobin i s too low, you may h ave anemia which is a shortage of oxygen -carrying red blood cells. Ane mia can ma ke you fee l tired, w eak, cold, and confu sed. Getti ng treatme nt can hel p give you back your energy so you can s tay active and do th e things y ou want to do. | |
59 | 5, learnMo re>lab>5, hemoglobin -5.jpg, fr ying pan, What You C an Do Abou t Hemoglob in, You ne ed iron as a buildin g block to make red blood cell s. You can get iron into your diet by ea ting iron- rich foods and cooki ng with ca st iron. I n most cas es, your d octor will also pres cribe iron for you t o take. Yo u may also need a me dication c alled EPO to tell yo ur body to make more red blood cells. | |
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61 | SHEET: mea suringAlbu min | |
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63 | Section, N avigatitio n, Section Image, Im age Alt Te xt, Sectio n Header, Content Se gment 1, S egment 2 | |
64 | 1, learnMo re>lab>6, blocks.jpg , colored wood block s, What is Albumin?, Albumin i s a type o f protein that your body uses as a build ing block. | |
65 | 2, learnMo re>lab>6, urine-bloo d-samples. jpg, test tube fille d with blo od and uri ne sample in a cup, Two Ways t o Measure Protein, P rotein is measured i n your blo od to see if you are getting e nough nutr ition. Peo ple with k idney prob lems who h ave blood protein le vels in th e normal r ange live longer. It ’s best no t to eat t oo little— or too muc h—protein. , Protein levels are also meas ured in ur ine. Some kidney dis eases lead to a loss of protei n into the urine. A dipstick m ay be used first to see if you have prot ein in you r urine. I f you do, the doctor may follo w up with a one-time sample of your urin e, or mayb e a 24-hou r urine te st to see how much p rotein is present. A 24-hour u rine test means that you will collect al l of your urine in a plastic j ug and the n bring it in to the lab to be tested. P rint these 24-hour u rine test tips if yo ur doctor says you n eed this t est. | |
66 | 3, learnMo re>lab>6, foamy-urin e.png, foa my urine, When Urine Looks Foa my, Some k idney prob lems can c ause chang es in the color or a mount of y our urine. Diseases that damag e the neph rons insid e the kidn eys can le t protein leak out o f the bloo d and into the urine . If this happens, y ou might n otice that your urin e looks bu bbly or fo amy. | |
67 | 4, learnMo re>lab>6, albumin-4. jpg | |
68 | U.S. Air F orce photo by Sandy Healy, wei ght lifter s in the g ym, What D oes Albumi n Do for Y ou?, Album in helps k eep the ri ght amount of water inside you r cells, i n between your cells , and in y our bloods tream. It also carri es key nut rients, li ke calcium , around y our body. Since prot ein is vit al, your b ody will s teal it ou t of your muscles if you don’t have enou gh in your blood. Th is can lea d to muscl e wasting that can i nclude you r heart. | |
69 | 5, learnMo re>lab>6, albumin-5. jpg, sourc es of prot ein: chick en, egg, m eat, What You Can Do About Alb umin, You need to ea t some pro tein to ke ep your bl ood levels of albumi n in the n ormal rang e. But, ea ting too m uch protei n can caus e a build- up of wast es if you have a kid ney proble m. Eating moderate p ortions of protein w hich about the size of a deck of cards c an help ma ke sure th at you hav e the righ t amount—b ut not too much. You r dietitia n will hel p you plan meals wit h the righ t amount o f protein for you. T o learn mo re about p rotein vis it the Nut rition Roo m. | |
70 | 6, learnMo re>lab>6, albumin-6. jpg, hand holding pi ll box, Wh at You Can Do About Urine Prot ein, If yo u have a k idney prob lem that c auses prot ein to “sp ill” into your urine , taking s ome types of blood p ressure pi lls may he lp you. Tw o classes of blood p ressure pi lls called ACE inhib itors or A RBs can he lp slow th e rate of kidney dis ease when there is p rotein in the urine. These may be able t o help eve n if you d on’t have high blood pressure. Know your medicatio ns. Are yo u taking a n ACE inhi bitor or a n ARB? If not, ask y our doctor if one mi ght be a g ood choice for you. To learn m ore about ACE inhibi tors and A RBs, visit the Blood Pressure Medicines Topic. | |
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72 | SHEET: you rHemoglobi nA1cLevel | |
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74 | Section, N avigatitio n, Section Image, Im age Alt Te xt, Sectio n Header, Content Se gment 1, S egment 2, Segment 3, Segment 4 , Segment 5, Segment 6 | |
75 | 1, learnMo re>lab>7, hemoglobin -a1c-1.jpg , blood sa mple in te st tube, W hat is Hem oglobin A1 c?, Hemogl obin A1c i s a blood test that measures g lucose (su gar) in yo ur blood o ver a 3-mo nth period . It is us ed to chec k your blo od sugar c ontrol. Ha ving good blood suga r (and blo od pressur e) control helps slo w the rate of kidney disease i f you have a kidney problem. N ot all peo ple with d iabetes ha ve kidney problems!, If you ha ve protein in your u rine—even in microsc opic amoun ts—you may have earl y kidney d isease. Pr otein is a large mol ecule that does not fit throug h the filt ers of hea lthy kidne ys. If you have prot ein (album in) in you r urine, i t may mean that you have a kid ney proble m. The goo d news is, there are treatment s to help protect yo ur kidneys . To learn more abou t protein, go to the Measuring Albumin T opic. | |
76 | 2, learnMo re>lab>7, hemoglobin -a1c-2.gif , animatio n of red b lood cell, What Does Hemoglobi n A1c Do f or You?, S ome of the excess su gar in you r blood bo nds with t he hemoglo bin in you r red bloo d cells. W hen your h emoglobin A1c is tes ted every 3 months, you and yo ur care te am can see how good your blood sugar con trol has b een. Along with your charts of your bloo d sugar le vels from one day to the next, the patte rns give c lues about how to ad just your medication s. Changes in your n eed for in sulin can be a clue that you m ay have a kidney pro blem. If y our kidney s don’t wo rk as well as they u sed to, th ey may not remove in sulin from your bloo d. Insulin can build up—so you need less to keep y our blood sugar in c ontrol. If you find that you n eed less i nsulin tha n you used to or you have more low blood sugars, t alk to you r care tea m. They ca n adjust y our medica tions. | |
77 | 3, learnMo re>lab>7, calculator .jpg, calc ulator, Wh at Does Yo ur Hemoglo bin A1c Me an?, Do yo u know you r hemoglob in A1c? If you do, v isit the e Kidney Cli nic site a nd use our Hemoglobi n A1c Calc ulator to convert yo ur A1c int o your "me an plasma glucose” t o see how you’re doi ng with yo ur diabete s control. , Make a n ote of you r result s o you can talk with your VA ca re team ab out the be st target for you., Studies sh ow that ke eping your A1c level below 7.0 can help you avoid long-term problems o f diabetes as having too much sugar in y our blood gums up yo ur blood v essels, wh ich can cu t off the blood supp ly to your eyes, lim bs, and ki dneys. In the long r un, this c an cause b lindness, loss of li mbs, or ki dney failu re. High b lood sugar can also damage you r heart an d lead to heart atta cks and st rokes. Get ting contr ol of your diabetes can help y ou avoid t hese probl ems..., Ha ving an A1 c of 9.0 o r higher c an lead to a higher risk of lo ng-term pr oblems of diabetes., NOTE: In later CKD, your care team may give you a slightly higher A1c target to keep you from havin g too many lows. The re are thi ngs you ca n do to im prove your blood sug ar control . Keep rea ding to se e what. | |
78 | 4, learnMo re>lab>7, glucometer .jpg, gluc ometer and test stip being use d on finge r, Check Y our Blood Sugar Ofte n, If you have diabe tes, good blood suga r control can help p rotect you r kidneys— and the re st of you. Knowing w hat your b lood sugar is and ho w it react s to what you do and what you eat is the first ste p to keepi ng it in c ontrol. Wi th test st rips and a glucomete r, you can check you r blood su gar and gr aph the re sults. You don’t hav e to alway s test on your finge rs these d ays. Some glucometer s may let you test o n your arm —with no p ain at all . If you h ave diabet es and don ’t have a glucometer , talk to your care team. The VA will pr ovide a gl ucometer a nd test st rips for y ou. Ask ab out VA dia betes educ ation clas ses, too. | |
79 | 5, learnMo re>lab>7, hemoglobin -a1c-5.gif , warning to limit s tarchy and sugary fo ods, What You Can Do About You r Hemoglob in A1c, Sw eets and s tarchy foo ds like th ese can ra ise your b lood sugar . Eating l ess of the se foods c an help yo u stay in the target range. Th is can be a hard cha nge to mak e! Take sm all steps. Try chang ing one th ing at a t ime. Ask y our dietit ian or hea lth care t eam to hel p you set goals you can reach. | |
80 | 6, learnMo re>lab>7, exercise.j pg, people lifting w eights, Ge t Exercise ., Eating right and staying ac tive can h elp you lo wer your A 1c., There are three key steps to stayin g active., Be physic ally activ e in 10-mi nute sessi ons, Incre ase muscul ar strengt h with 2–3 days of s trength tr aining, Do n’t forget to stretc h!, All of these thi ngs are in your cont rol. No on e else can eat or ex ercise for you. Visi t MOVE!®, a VA progr am to help you get s tarted wit h exercise and weigh t manageme nt. |
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